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br AHR mediates TCDD toxicity
2025-02-28
AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting syndrome TCDD causes numerous toxicities in laboratory animals, including teratogenesis, hepatic steatosis, thymic atrophy, immune dysfunction and a lethal wasting syndrome [17]. The dose-dependent sensitivity to TCDD-induced toxicities varies widely among
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br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgement This study was su
2025-02-27
Conflict of interest Acknowledgement This study was supported by a grant from University Grants Commission - Basic Scientific Research (UGC-BSR), New Delhi, India (UGC-BSR No:F-7-115/2007). Introduction The G protein-coupled receptors activated by extracellular adenosine (Ado), called Aden
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br AMPK structure and mechanism
2025-02-27
AMPK: structure and mechanism of action AMPK is a metabolic master switch that regulates downstream signals based on shifts in the surrounding energy reservoir [6]. It is expressed in a number of tissues, including the kidney, the liver, the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, and the hypothalam
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rsk inhibitor Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are w
2025-02-27
Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characterised (for review see Ref. [1]), production of soluble AChE species is less well understood although we have reported that a metalloproteinase can shed AChE similarly to APP [16], [17]. Recently it has also been demonstrated that cellular pre
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br Experimental section br Conflicts of interest br Acknowle
2025-02-27
Experimental section Conflicts of interest Acknowledgments This work was partly supported by INSA-Rouen, Rouen University, CNRS, Labex SynOrg (ANR-11-LABX-0029), Région Haute-Normandie. Introduction A key component of the integrated management of key pests such as codling moth (Cydia po
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br Materials and methods br Results To explore the potential
2025-02-27
Materials and methods Results To explore the potential role of autophagy in drug resistance, we firstly performed immunohistochemistry to compare the FH1 of p62 in paired primary, metastatic, and recurrent tumor tissues from 26 ovarian cancer patients. The expression of p62 was revealed to be
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AZD7687 Crohn s disease an inflammatory bowel disease that a
2025-02-27
Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is characterized by a polymorphism in ULK1 autophagy gene due to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, the autophagic process is impaired during the disease. The mutations in the leuc
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With regard to the first question subcellular fractionation
2025-02-27
With regard to the first question, subcellular fractionation studies revealed that BDK and PPM1K are clearly detectable in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic subcellular fractions, thus making it possible for these enzymes to interact with both the BCKDH and ACL substrates. The preferential presen
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br Introducing toll like receptors
2025-02-27
Introducing toll like receptors TLRs are the most important receptors which are expressed on the cytoplasmic and internal vesicles membrane. They have a similar structure including a leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) domain which is out of pmsf membrane, a hydrophobic transmembrane and a toll/interleuk
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The radiographic correlate will be
2025-02-27
The radiographic correlate will be similarly important for the success of other non-VEGF TKIs, such as those targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor expressed in 50% of high-grade primary Clofarabine neoplasms. It has been reported that icotinib and gefitinib, epidermal growth factor recepto
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br Under normal physiological conditions the agonist binds t
2025-02-27
Under normal physiological conditions, the agonist binds to AT1R on the surface of the plasma membrane and activates the receptor, mediating downstream signaling. Then, activated AT1R is phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) [13] or G protein coupled receptor kinases (GPKs, such as GRK2 [13], G
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br Duality of interest br Contribution statement br
2025-02-27
Duality of interest Contribution statement Acknowledgments Introduction Rapid, cell surface-initiated steroid actions have been reported for all major groups of steroid hormones and our understanding of membrane-mediated steroid actions has progressed rapidly over the last two decades. M
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br Author contributions br Financial disclosures br Acknowle
2025-02-26
Author contributions Financial disclosures Acknowledgements We thank Ms. Eva So for the editorial assistance. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81622015, 81571042 and 81501143) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2
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Data used in preparation of
2025-02-26
Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the ADNI database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing o
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To further clarify the vascular cell types expressing AR
2025-02-26
To further clarify the vascular cell types expressing AR subtypes, double immunofluorescence staining for ARs and vascular endothelial mct2 inhibitor or vascular smooth muscles was performed. As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, overlay images show the expression of all ARs subtypes that we examined in vascu